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Schema Therapy was developed by Dr. Jeffrey E. Young for use in treatment of personality disorders and chronic DSM Axis I disorders, such as when patients fail to respond or relapse after having been through other therapies (for example, traditional cognitive behavioral therapy). Schema Therapy is an integrative psychotherapy combining theory and techniques from previously existing therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoanalytic object relations theory, attachment theory, and Gestalt therapy. ==Introduction== Four main theoretical concepts in Schema Therapy are ''early maladaptive schemas'' (or simply ''schemas''), ''coping styles'', ''modes'', and ''basic emotional needs'': # In cognitive psychology, a schema is an organized pattern of thought and behavior. It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of organizing and perceiving new information. In Schema Therapy, schemas specifically refer to early maladaptive schemas, defined as "self-defeating life patterns of perception, emotion, and physical sensation".〔 For instance, a person with an ''Abandonment'' schema〔Following the convention in , the names of schemas and modes are capitalized. They are also italicized in this article for clarity.〕 could be hypersensitive (have an "emotional button" or "trigger") about his/her perceived value to others, which in turn could make him/her feel sad and panicky in his/her interpersonal relationships. # Coping styles are a person's behavioral responses to schemas. Maladaptive coping styles (such as overcompensation, avoidance, or surrender) very often wind up reinforcing the schemas. Continuing the ''Abandonment'' example: having imagined a threat of abandonment in a relationship and feeling sad and panicky, a person using an avoidance coping style might then behave in ways to limit the closeness in the relationship to try to protect himself/herself from being abandoned. The resulting loneliness or even actual loss of the relationship could easily reinforce the person's ''Abandonment'' schema. # Modes are mind states that cluster schemas and coping styles into a temporary "way of being" that a person can shift into occasionally or more frequently. For example, a ''Vulnerable Child'' mode〔 might be a state of mind encompassing schemas of ''Abandonment'', ''Defectiveness'', ''Mistrust/Abuse'' and a coping style of surrendering (to the schemas). # If a patient's basic emotional needs are not met in childhood, then schemas, coping styles, and modes can develop. Some basic needs that have been identified are: connection, mutuality, reciprocity, flow, and autonomy.〔 For example, a child with unmet needs around connection—perhaps due to parental loss to death, divorce, or addiction—might develop an ''Abandonment'' schema. The goal of Schema Therapy is to help patients meet their basic emotional needs by helping the patient learn how to: * heal schemas by diminishing the intensity of emotional memories comprising the schema and the intensity of bodily sensations, and by changing the cognitive patterns connected to the schema; * replace maladaptive coping styles and responses with adaptive patterns of behavior. Techniques used in Schema Therapy including limited reparenting and Gestalt therapy psychodrama techniques such as imagery re-scripting and empty chair dialogues. See , below. There is a growing literature of outcome studies on Schema Therapy, where Schema Therapy has shown impressive results. See , below. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「schema therapy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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